Átomo 66

Wish / If only (lamentos y deseos)

La regla

+ past simple = presente irreal; + past perfect = pasado irreal; + would = pedir cambió en otra persona.

"+ past simple = unreal present; + past perfect = unreal past; + would = wishing someone else would change."

Wish y if only expresan lamentos o deseos sobre cosas que NO son asi. Tres patrones: 1) wish/if only + past simple para algo que querrias diferente AHORA ("I wish I knew the answer" - no lo se). 2) + past perfect para lamentos del pasado ("I wish I had studied" - no estudié). 3) + would para quejarte de algo que otro hace o no hace ("I wish you would listen"). "If only" es más enfatico/dramatico que wish, pero la gramatica es identica. Para uno mismo NO uses would; usa could.

Ejemplos

I wish I knew the answer.

Ojala supiera la respuesta.

💡 Presente irreal.

I wish I had studied harder.

Ojala hubiera estudiado más.

💡 Pasado irreal.

I wish you would listen to me.

Ojala me escucharas.

💡 Queja sobre otro.

If only I had reviewed the PR before merging.

Sí solo hubiera revisado el PR antes de mergear.

I wish I could speak English fluently.

Ojala pudiera hablar inglés con fluidez.

She wishes she lived closer to the office.

Ojala viviera más cerca de la oficina.

I wish the deploy hadn't broken prod.

Ojala el deploy no hubiera roto prod.

Casos típicos

Deseo presente irreal (algo no es asi ahora)wish/if only + past simple

I wish I knew Python.If only she were here.

Lamento pasado (algo no fue asi)wish/if only + past perfect

I wish I had shipped on time.If only I had reviewed the logs.

Queja: que otro cambie su comportamientowish + subject + would + verb

I wish you would stop pushing to main.I wish it would rain.

Capacidad propia presente: usa could (no would)wish + subject + could

I wish I could code faster.I wish I could attend.

Were preferido a was (formal/correcto)wish + I/he/she + were

I wish I were taller.If only she were here.

Trampas hispanohablantes

I wish I know the answer.I wish I knew the answer.

Tras wish para presente irreal va past simple, no presente.

I wish I would speak fluently.I wish I could speak fluently.

Para deseos sobre uno mismo se usa could, no would.

I wish I studied harder yesterday.I wish I had studied harder yesterday.

Lamento pasado = past perfect (had + p.p.).

I wish you listen to me.I wish you would listen to me.

Queja sobre comportamiento de otro = would + verb.

If only I would have reviewed the PR.If only I had reviewed the PR.

Lamento pasado: had + p.p., NO would have.

Mini-quiz

1/7."Ojala supiera la respuesta":

2/7."Ojala hubiera revisado el PR":

3/7.Queja a otro: "Ojala me escucharas"

I wish you listen to me.

4/7.Capacidad propia: "Ojala pudiera hablar inglés fluido"

I wish I speak English fluently.

5/7.Cual es INCORRECTA?

6/7.Completa con past perfect: "I wish the deploy ___ broken prod."

I wish the deploy broken prod.

7/7.Más formal: usa were:

If only she here.