Átomo 48

Presente perfecto vs pasado simple

La regla

Past simple = momento concreto pasado. Present perfect = sin momento o conexion con presente.

"Past simple = specific past moment. Present perfect = no specific time or link to present."

La eleccion entre los dos tiempos depende del marcador temporal. Past simple: "yesterday", "last week", "in 2020", "two days ago" -> momento cerrado y terminado. Present perfect: "ever", "never", "just", "already", "yet", "for", "since", "this week" (sí la semana sigue) -> sin momento concreto o aún conectado al presente. Truco: sí puedes preguntar "when?" con respuesta concreta, es past simple. Sí la pregunta natural es "have you ever...?", es present perfect.

Ejemplos

I worked at the office yesterday.

Trabaje en la oficina ayer.

💡 yesterday -> past simple.

I have worked at Nexora since May.

He trabajado en Nexora desde mayo.

💡 since -> present perfect.

She visited Madrid last summer.

Visito Madrid el verano pasado.

She has visited Madrid three times.

Ha visitado Madrid tres veces.

💡 Sin tiempo concreto.

Did you call Elena this morning? (la manana acabo)

Llamaste a Elena está manana?

Have you called Elena this morning? (aún es de manana)

Has llamado a Elena está manana?

I haven't finished the task yet.

Aún no he terminado la tarea.

Casos típicos

Marcadores de past simplepast simple

yesterdaylast weekin 2020two days ago

Marcadores de present perfectpresent perfect

everneverjustalreadyyetforsince

Periodo no terminado (this week / today sí sigue)present perfect

I have called her this week.I have read three emails today.

Periodo terminado (this morning sí ya es tarde)past simple

I read three emails this morning.She called twice this morning.

Trampas hispanohablantes

I have seen her yesterday.I saw her yesterday.

yesterday es momento concreto: past simple.

She lived in Madrid for 5 years (sigue allí).She has lived in Madrid for 5 years.

Sí sigue viviendo, present perfect; past simple implicaria que ya no.

Did you ever try sushi?Have you ever tried sushi?

ever de experiencia general = present perfect.

I haven't seen her last week.I didn't see her last week.

last week es tiempo concreto = past simple.

Mini-quiz

1/6.Elige el tiempo correcto:

I her yesterday.

2/6.Elige el tiempo correcto:

She in Murcia since 2020.

3/6.Pregunta de experiencia:

4/6.Tiempo correcto (last week):

We the demo last week.

5/6.Aún es por la manana:

I three emails this morning.

6/6.Cual es la correcta?