Átomo 49

Presente perfecto continuó: have/has been + -ing

La regla

have/has + been + V-ing: acción que empezo en pasado y aún continua o acaba de terminar.

"have/has + been + V-ing: action started in the past, still going on or just finished with present result."

El presente perfecto continuó se forma con "have/has + been + verbo-ing". Su función principal es enfatizar la DURACION o el PROCESO de una acción que comenzo en el pasado y o bien sigue ocurriendo, o acaba de terminar con un resultado visible ahora. "I have been working all morning" implica que sigo o que acabo de terminar y se nota (cansancio, avance). Frente al simple, el continuó enfatiza el proceso, no el resultado terminado.

Ejemplos

I have been working on the report all morning.

Llevo toda la manana trabajando en el informe.

She has been studying English for two years.

Lleva dos años estudiando inglés.

We have been waiting for Elena since 9am.

Llevamos esperando a Elena desde las 9.

He looks tired because he has been coding all night.

Parece cansado porque ha estado programando toda la noche.

It has been raining since lunch.

Lleva lloviendo desde la hora de comer.

I have been learning Claude API recently.

Ultimamente he estado aprendiendo la API de Claude.

Have you been waiting long?

Llevas mucho rato esperando?

Casos típicos

Acción que empezo en pasado y siguehave/has been + V-ing + for/since

I have been working since 8.She has been studying for hours.

Acción recien terminada con resultado visiblehave/has been + V-ing

He's tired; he has been running.Her eyes are red; she has been crying.

Enfasis en duracion / procesocontinuous (no simple)

I have been writing this email for an hour.

Pregunta sobre cuanto tiempo (How long...?)How long have you been + V-ing?

How long have you been learning English?

Trampas hispanohablantes

I am working since 9am.I have been working since 9am.

Calco del español "estoy trabajando desde". En inglés se usa present perfect continuous.

I have been knowing her for years.I have known her for years.

Verbos de estado (know, like, love, have-poseer) NO admiten -ing.

She has been finished the report.She has finished the report. / She has been finishing the report.

Tras been va -ing, no participio.

How long are you working here?How long have you been working here?

Para preguntar cuanto tiempo llevas haciendo algo se usa present perfect continuous.

Mini-quiz

1/6.Elige la frase correcta:

2/6.Forma del verbo "study":

She has been English for two years.

3/6.Verbo de estado (know):

I have her for years.

4/6.Pregunta correcta:

5/6.Llovizna desde la hora de comer:

It has been since lunch.

6/6.Cual enfatiza el proceso?