Átomo 53

Ever y never: experiencia con present perfect

La regla

Ever en preguntas ("alguna vez"); never en afirmativas con sentido negativo ("nunca").

"Use ever in questions (ever in your life); never in affirmative form with negative meaning."

Con present perfect, "ever" y "never" expresan experiencia de vida. "Have you ever been to Madrid?" pregunta sí alguna vez en tu vida has estado allí. "I have never tried sushi" significa que nunca lo has probado en toda tu vida. Importante: "never" ya es negativo, asi que NO se combina con "not" (no doble negacion como en español). Los dos van entre el auxiliar y el participio: have/has + ever/never + p.p.

Ejemplos

Have you ever worked remotely?

Has trabajado en remoto alguna vez?

I have never used Jira before.

Nunca he usado Jira antes.

Has she ever attended a Nexora retro?

Ha asistido ella alguna vez a una retro de Nexora?

We have never deployed on Friday.

Nunca hemos desplegado un viernes.

Have you ever had a post-mortem?

Has tenido alguna vez un post-mortem?

He has never missed a standup.

El nunca ha faltado a un standup.

I've never seen that error before.

Nunca he visto ese error antes.

Casos típicos

ever: en preguntas, entre auxiliar y participioHave/Has + subject + ever + p.p.?

Have you ever lived abroad?Has he ever spoken at a conference?

never: en afirmativas con sentido negativosubject + have/has + never + p.p.

I have never failed a deploy.She has never been to Ireland.

Respuestas cortas con neverNo, + subject + have/has never

Have you tried it? No, I never have.

Superlativo + ever para enfasisthe best/worst ... I have ever + p.p.

This is the best PR I have ever reviewed.

Trampas hispanohablantes

I have never not seen that bug.I have never seen that bug.

"Never" ya es negativo. No anadas "not" (es doble negacion como en español).

Have you never been to Madrid?Have you ever been to Madrid?

Para preguntar por experiencia se usa "ever", no "never".

I never have used Slack.I have never used Slack.

"Never" va DESPUES del auxiliar (have), no antes.

Did you ever work remote?Have you ever worked remote?

Para experiencia de vida se usa present perfect (have + p.p.), no past simple.

Mini-quiz

1/7.Elige la pregunta correcta sobre experiencia:

2/7.Completa con never:

I have seen such a clean codebase.

3/7.Elige la opción correcta:

Have you been to a Nexora offsite?

4/7.Cual es INCORRECTA?

5/7.Completa la pregunta:

Has she given a tech talk?

6/7.Elige la posicion correcta:

He replied to that thread.

7/7.Traduce: "Es el mejor código que he revisado."