CursoLección 65/87

Tercer condicional (irreal en pasado)

"if + past perfect, would have + past participle. Unreal past hypotheses."

La regla

if + past perfect, would have + participio. Hipotesis irreales sobre el pasado.

El tercer condicional describe situaciones hipoteticas en el pasado que NO ocurrieron. Es la herramienta del lamento, el reproche y el análisis post-mortem: "If I had reviewed the logs, I would have caught the bug" (no los revise, no lo cogi). Estructura: if + past perfect (had + p.p.), would have + p.p. También puedes usar could have (habria podido) o might have (quizas habria) en la principal. Nunca uses would en la clausula del if.

Ejemplos

If I had studied harder, I would have passed.

Sí hubiera estudiado más, habria aprobado.

If we had reviewed the logs, we would have caught the bug.

Sí hubieramos revisado los logs, habriamos cogido el bug.

If Marta hadn't pushed to main, prod wouldn't have crashed.

Sí Marta no hubiera hecho push a main, prod no habria caido.

We could have shipped on Friday if the tests had passed.

Habriamos podido desplegar el viernes sí los tests hubieran pasado.

If I had used prompt caching, the eval would have been cheaper.

Sí hubiera usado prompt caching, la eval habria sido más barata.

She might have joined Nexora earlier if she had known about the role.

Quizas habria entrado en Nexora antes sí hubiera sabido del puesto.

If you had attended the retro, you would have heard the feedback.

Sí hubieras ido a la retro, habrias oido el feedback.

Casos típicos

Lamento o reproche en pasadoIf + had + p.p., would have + p.p.

If I had known, I would have helped.

Posibilidad pasada (could have)could have + p.p.

If we had started earlier, we could have finished today.

Posibilidad incierta (might have)might have + p.p.

If she had asked, he might have agreed.

Negativa en cualquier mitadhadn't / wouldn't have

If we hadn't deployed, prod wouldn't have crashed.

Orden invertible (con coma sí if va primero)If-clause first OR main clause first

If I had known, I would have told you. / I would have told you if I had known.

Trampas hispanohablantes

If I would have known, I would have helped.If I had known, I would have helped.

NUNCA uses would en la clausula del if. Solo had + p.p.

If I had studied, I would passed.If I had studied, I would have passed.

Falta el have. La estructura es would HAVE + participio.

If we had review the logs, we would have caught it.If we had reviewed the logs, we would have caught it.

Tras had va el participio (reviewed), no el infinitivo.

If she didn't push to main, prod wouldn't have crashed.If she hadn't pushed to main, prod wouldn't have crashed.

Tercer condicional usa past perfect (had/hadn't) en el if.

If I had studied, I will have passed.If I had studied, I would have passed.

La principal lleva WOULD have, no will have.